- POLIS: the mane for a city-state
- ACROPOLIS: The fortified hilltop where citizens gathered to discuss city gov
- MONARCHY: A government ruled by a single person like a king or queen
- ARISTOCRACY: A government ruled by a small group of noble, landowning families
- OLIGARCHY: A government ruled by a few powerful people
- TYRANT: Powerful individuals/nobles that seized control of the government by appealing to the common people for support.
- DEMOCRACY: Government ruled by the people
- HELOTS: Peasants forced to stay on the land they worked on
- PHALANX: A fighting formation that became the most powerful fighting for in the ancient world
- PERSIAN WARS: Wars between Greece and the Persian Empire
NOTES:
- A polis was made up of a city and the surrounding countryside
- had between 50-500 square miles of territory
- fewer than 10,000 residents
- City states had different forms of gov
- monarchy
- aristocracy
- oligarchy
- Clashes between rulers and common people
- Tyrants sometimes took control
- nor considered harsh/cruel
- provided jobs and housing for people
- Representative gov became more common
- Athens
- power struggles between rich and poor
- Moved towards democracy
- Draco took power in 621 BC
- Developed a legal code
- Rich and poor under law are equal
- punished criminals with death
- debt slavery
- Solon came to power in 594 BC
- no citizen shall own another citizen (no slavery)
- Top 3 classes could hold government office
- All could participate in the Athenian Assembly
- Cleisthenes came to power around 500 BC
- Council of Five Hundred
- limited democracy
- Wealthy fans received formal education
- started at age 7
- grammar, reading, poetry, history, math, music
- Boy: logic and public speaking
- military school
- Girls stayed home
- some learned to read and write
- Sparta
- military state
- conquered Messenia
- they revolted
- did not succeed
- Gov had branches
- Council of elders
- Spartan men were expected to serve in army until age 60
- Girls ran, wrestled, played sports
- had freedom
- Persian Wars
- rich saved in armies
- later ordinary citizens could afford it
- Persians conquered coast of Anatolia which belonged to Greece
- Started war
- Greece revolted
*fighting back and forth*
- Greece eventually won
- Florished after war
- Golden Age
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