NOTES

• When Rome expanded the gap between rich and poor expanded and caused problems in society
• By 100 BC enslaved people made up 1/3 of Rome's population 
• Small farms couldn't compete so they were sold to large estates and the farmers lost their homes and were jobless
• Tiberius and Gaius were 2 brothers that tried to help poor Roman citizens
• They proposed laws that limited the amount of land that wealthy people could own and gave some land to the poor
• They made many wealthy people angry and had violent deaths
• Tiberius in 133 BC and Gaius in 121 BC
• A period of Civil War followed their deaths
• The republic grew unstable and military generals started taking power for themselves
• In 60 BC a military leader named Julius Caesar joined forces with Crassus and Pompey and he was elected consul in 59 BC
• He was a strong leader and good military strategist 
• Had power for a year and then became governor of Gaul
• Rome ordered that Caesar return home because he was too powerful but he defied them and marched towards Rome with his army
• He had the support of Rome when he returned and he became dictator for life
• He made many reforms
• Granted citizenship to many romans 
• expanded the senate and made allies
• created jobs for the poor
• created colonies fro people without homes and gave them land
• Some nobles feared his influence and power
• Marcus Brutus, and Gaius Cassius plotted his murder and Caesar was killed on March 15, 44 BC
• After his death civil war broke out and ruined the republic
• Caesar's nephew/adopted son, Octavian took power with Mark Antony and Lepidus
• They eventually got jealous of each other and split up
• Mark Antony fell in love with Cleopatra while in Egypt
• Octavian defeated their forces 
• He became ruler of Rome and took the name of Augustus
• From the beginning of his rule Rome flourished, Pax Romana (207 years)
• Rome was over 3 million square miles, 60-80 million people
• Stable gov, new buildings, food, postal system, taxes, civil service
• Died in AD 14
• Big agriculture industry 
• trading was important 
• diverse society
• Slavery was a large part of society
• 1/3 of pop was slaves
• worked in city and farms
• Triumvirate- three leaders working together